EVALUASI SISTEM PENGAMAN PANTAI DI BALI SELATAN UNTUK MENGATASI TANTANGAN PERUBAHAN IKLIM
Keywords:
Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Management System
Abstract
This climate change impacts the coast of Indonesia, which causes erosion and tidal flooding. This coastal damage significantly affects vital areas in the form of tourist areas, such as on the south coast of Bali. The erosion rate on Bali's beaches currently reaches 2 m/year and dramatically impacts the existence of beach tourism objects in Bali. Seawalls and revetments dominate coastal protection structures built from the 1990s. The existing system is experiencing problems, namely tidal flooding and runoff at the building's crest. The method analyzes sea-level changes over time (time series) and numerical simulations with CMS-Wave to obtain wave heights in the structure. Extreme water level (Extreme Coastal Water Level) is calculated from the creep due to wave height, sea level rise, tides, and storms. The results of this study indicate that the rising water level in 2022 will cause 53.80% of buildings to experience overtopping. In the next 20 years (2042), the percentage of buildings experiencing overtopping will increase to 67.08%.
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BWSBP (2016) Studi Updating Abrasi Pantai di Provinsi Bali.
Cartwright, A., Brundrit, G. and Fairhurst, L. (2008) Global Climate Change and Adaptation A Sea-Level Rise Risk Assessment. Cape Town.
Cooke, B. C. et al. (2012) ‘Nourishment practices on Australian sandy beaches: A review’, Journal of Environmental Management, 113, pp. 319–327. doi: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2012.09.025.
Crooks, S. (2004) ‘The Effect of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Geomorphology’, Ibis, 146, pp. 18–20. doi: doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00323.x.
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Foli, B. A. K. et al. (2022) ‘Evaluation of ECMWF and NCEP Reanalysis Wind Fields for Long-Term Historical Analysis and Ocean Wave Modelling in West Africa’, Remote Sensing in Earth Systems Sciences, 5(1), pp. 26–45. doi: 10.1007/s41976-021-00052-3.
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Griggs, G. and Reguero, B. G. (2021) ‘Coastal adaptation to climate change and sea-level rise’, Water (Switzerland), 13(16). doi: 10.3390/w13162151.
Hudson, T., Keating, K. and Pettit, A. (2008) Delivering benefits through evidence. Coast estimation for coastal protection - summary of evidence. Bristol.
IPCC (2021) Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis.
Lai, Y. G. and Kim, H. S. (2020) ‘A near-shore linear wave model with the mixed finite volume and finite difference unstructured mesh method’, Fluids, 5(4). doi: 10.3390/fluids5040199.
Larson, M. and Krauss, N. . (2002) Numerical model for simulating longshore current.
Lubis, A. et al. (2021) ‘Studi Morfologi Dasar Laut dengan Survey Batimetri di Daerah Pantai Pasar Palik, Bengkulu Utara’, Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 10. doi: https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i1.32691.
Martyr-Koller, R. and Schleussner, C.-F. (2023) ‘Coastal loss and damage for small islands’, Nature Sustainability. doi: 10.1038/s41893-023-01244-z.
Mase, H. (2005) ‘Extended energy-balance-equation wave model for multidirectional random wave transformation’, Ocean Engineering, 32, pp. 8–9.
Melet, A. et al. (2018) ‘Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea-level rise’, National Climate Change, 8, pp. 234–239.
Nurhidayah, L. (2021) ‘Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Its Implication on Human Security and Human Rights in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis’, in Climate Change Research, Policy and Actions in Indonesia. Springer, pp. 33–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55536-8.
Pecl, G. et al. (2021) ‘Designing Coastal Adaptation Strategies to Tackle Sea Level Rise’, POLICY AND PRACTICE REVIEWS, p. 3. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.740602.
Rashidi, A. H. M. et al. (2021) ‘Coastal structures as beach erosion control and sea level rise adaptation in malaysia: A review’, Water (Switzerland), 13(13), pp. 1–34. doi: 10.3390/w13131741.
Seymour, R. . et al. (1995) ‘Beach Nourishment and Protection’, The National Academies Press, pp. 107–126.
Sharaan, M., Iskander, M. and Udo, K. (2022) ‘Coastal adaptation to Sea Level Rise: An overview of Egypt’s efforts’, Ocean & Coastal Management, 218, p. 106024. doi: 10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2021.106024.
Siddig, N. A., Al-Subhi, A. M. and Alsaafani, M. A. (2019) ‘Tide and mean sea level trend in the west coast of the Arabian Gulf from tide gauges and multi-missions satellite altimeter’, Oceanologia, 61(4), pp. 401–411. doi: 10.1016/J.OCEANO.2019.05.003.
Xie, S. (2022) ‘Continuous measurement of sea ice freeboard with tide gauges and GNSS interferometric reflectometry’, Remote Sensing of Environment, 280, p. 113165. doi: 10.1016/J.RSE.2022.113165.
Published
2023-11-11
Section
Articles
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