Efektivitas Vermikompos sebagai Substitusi Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) pada Oxisol
Keywords:
Edamame, Oxisol, Substitusi Pupuk NPK, Vermikompos
Abstract
Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) merupakan komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi, namun produktivitasnya pada tanah Oxisol masih rendah akibat rendahnya kesuburan tanah dan ketersediaan unsur hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas vermikompos sebagai substitusi 50% pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas edamame pada tanah Oxisol serta menentukan dosis yang paling efektif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada September–Desember 2025 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu 100% NPK dan kombinasi 50% NPK dengan vermikompos sebanyak 25, 50, 75, dan 100 g/polibag, masing-masing lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan vegetatif, perkembangan akar, jumlah bintil akar, serta komponen hasil. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji BNJ taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi vermikompos berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, jumlah bintil akar, jumlah polong bernas, jumlah polong hampa, berat biji per tanaman, dan berat 100 biji, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot basah akar. Kombinasi 50% NPK dan 100 g vermikompos/polibag memberikan hasil terbaik pada sebagian besar komponen hasil, sedangkan dosis 75 g/polibag menghasilkan jumlah cabang dan bintil akar tertinggi. Vermikompos berpotensi mensubstitusi sebagian (50%) dosis pupuk NPK dalam sistem pemupukan dan meningkatkan produktivitas pada kondisi percobaan ini.
References
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Karimah, R., Purwanto, B. H., Hanudin, E., Utami, S. N. H., & Maimunah, M. A. (2024). Effect of Different Types of Biochar Applications and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Edamame Soybeans on Andisols. Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 39(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80217
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Lida, S., Doruk, K., Mibang, A., Basar, K., Akli, N., Meena, T., Elavarasi, P., & Keerthana, S. (2024). Enhancing Black Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Yield with Composts and Biofertilizers: A Comprehensive Analysis of Variety- VL Bhat 201. Archives of Current Research International, 24(6), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6777
Mahala, P., & Sharma, R. K. (2022). Effect of different growth media on biometric parameter of brinjal and chilli seedlings under shade net house. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 17(2), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i2.1340
Medrado, P. H. da S., Júnior, A. L. G., Santos, G. C. dos, Júnior, J. B. T., & Itako, A. T. (2022). Efficiency of different strains of Trichoderma on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 44, e60072. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60072
Mir, R. A., Shrivastava, S., Pawaiya, P. S., & Samadhiya, H. (2021). Application of Aporrectodea caliginosa to Mitigate the Waste and the Effects of Vermicompost on the Exomorphological Features of Phaseolus vulgaris. Advances in Agriculture, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8363203
Nurnikmat, T. Z., Arabia, T., & Sufardi, S. (2020). Kandungan Fe, Al, dan Si Bebas dan Status Kesuburan Tanah pada Entisol dan Inceptisol di Lahan Kering Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 4(2), 446–456. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.10958
Ramadhana, D. D., Donantho, D., & Paranoan, R. R. (2019). Penilaian Status Kesuburan Tanah pada Lahan Pascatambang di Areal PT. Trubaindo Coal Mining Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.1.2019.2529.24-28
Rahmadani, F., Zahrah, S., Sulhaswardi, & Mulyani, S. (2023). The Effect of Giving Vermicompos Fertilizer and NPK 16:16:16 on Growth and Production of Edamame Soyabean (Glycine Max (L) Merrill). Journal of Soilscape and Agriculture, 2(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsa.v2i1.446
Oyege, I., & Bhaskar, M. S. B. (2023). Effects of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Health and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture. Soil Systems, 7(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7040101
Pooja, P., Rana, M., Sharma, A., Mehla, O., Singh, D., Singh, A., & Verma, S. K. (2022). Vermicompost effect on soil and field crops: A review. The Pharma Innovation, 11(11), 2565–2569. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2022.v11.i11ae.17113
Pączka, G., Mazur-Pączka, A., Garczyńska, M., Hajduk, E., Kostecka, J., Bartkowska, I., & Butt, K. R. (2021). Use of Vermicompost from Sugar Beet Pulp in Cultivation of Peas (Pisum sativum L.). Agriculture, 11(10), 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100919
Santi, L. P. (2020). Pemanfaatan Biochar Asal Cangkang Kelapa Sawit untuk Meningkatkan Serapan Hara dan Sekuestrasi Karbon pada Media Tanah Lithic Hapludults di Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Tanah Dan Iklim, 41(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.21082/jti.v41n1.2017.9-16
Santoso, U., Nugroho, A. E., Jumar, Saputra, R. A., & Nugraha, M. I. (2023). Morphological Performance of Edamame Applied by Livestock Manure in Acid Dry Land. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-128-9_43
Senarathne, S. H. S. (2018). Effect of Vermicompost on Growth of Coconut Seedlings under Field Conditions in Sri Lanka. Cord, 34(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v34i1.20
Sheikha, A. F. E., Allam, A. Y., Taha, M., & Varzakas, T. (2022). How Does the Addition of Biostimulants Affect the Growth, Yield, and Quality Parameters of the Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)? How Is This Reflected in Its Nutritional Value? Applied Sciences, 12(2), 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020776
Syofiani, R., Putri, S. D., & Karjunita, N. (2020). Karakteristik Sifat Tanah Sebagai Faktor Penentu Potensi Pertanian Di Nagari Silokek Kawasan Geopark Nasional. Jurnal Agrium, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v17i1.2349
Vyas, P., Sharma, S., & Gupta, J. (2022). Vermicomposting with microbial amendment: Implications for bioremediation of industrial and agricultural waste. Biotechnologia, 103(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2022.116213
Wicaksono, B., Sulakhudin, S., & Manurung, R. (2023). Karakteristik Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Kebun Kelapa Sawit Desa Pangkalan Suka Kecamatan Nanga Tayap Kabupaten Ketapang. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 12(3), 624. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v12i3.64124
Aji, H. B., & Teapon, A. (2020). Pengaruh Batuan Induk dan Kimia Tanah Terhadap Potensi Kesuburan Tanah di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sula, Provinsi Maluku Utara. Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 22(3), 342. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v22n3.2019.p342-352
Aldi, J., Abdurrahman, T., & Hariyanti, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pupuk Kotoran Kambing dan NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai Edamame pada Tanah Aluvial. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 12(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v12i1.59040
Ashworth, A. J., Adams, T. C., Nieman, C. C., Franco, J. G., & Owens, P. (2022). Subsurface banding poultry litter influences edamame yield, forage quality, and leaf greenness. Agronomy Journal, 114(3), 1833–1841. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21048
Aslam, Z., Ahmad, A., Aziz, M. M., Mushtaq, Z., Zuhra, N., & Alasmari, A. (2025). Impact of organic and inorganic sources of nutrition on the morpho‐physiological, biochemical, yield traits and uptake of nutrients by mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 53(5), 2260–2284. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2025.2458816
Atteya, A. K. G., Albalawi, A. N., El‐Serafy, R. S., Albalawi, K. N., Bayomy, H. M., & Genaidy, E. A. E. (2021). Response of Moringa oleifera Seeds and Fixed Oil Production to Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizers under Calcareous Soil Conditions. Plants, 10(10), 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10101998
Bella, A. D., Muyassir, M., & Syakur, S. (2025). Nutrient index value status for edamame (Glycine max (L.)) development planning in Bener Meriah Regency. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1477(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1477/1/012007
Brooks, K., Reiter, M. S., Zhang, B., & Mott, J. (2023). Edamame Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilizers. Agronomy, 13(7), 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071865
Calapardo, M. J. M., & Manigo, B. I. (2024). Enhancing Herbage Growth, Yield and Quality of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) using Bio-Organic Nutrients in Varied Soil Media. Sains Malaysiana, 53(3), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5303-05
Coulibaly, S. S., Touré, M. K., Kouamé, A. E., Kambou, I. C., Soro, S., Yéo, K. I., Koné, S., & Zoro, B. I. A. (2021). Vermicompost as an Alternative to Inorganic Fertilizer to Improve Okra Productivity in Côte d’Ivoire. Open Journal of Soil Science, 11(01), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2021.111001
Dadi, T. G., & Gebirehiwot, H. T. (2021). The Importance, Unexploited Opportunities and Challenges of Vermicomposting Technology in Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202110.0317.v1
Eviati, Sulaeman, Herawaty L, Anggria L, Esman, Tantika HE, Prihatini R, Wuningrum P. 2023. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, Dan Pupuk. Ed ke-3. Bogor: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia
Figini, M., Francesco, V. D., Finato, N., & Errichetti, E. (2020). Dermoscopy in adult colloid milium. The Journal of Dermatology, 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.15232
Gorai, S., Darvhankar, M. S., Mathpal, B., & Bag, A. G. (2024). Judicial nutrient management for sustainable production of groundnut: A Review. International Journal of Research in Agronomy, 7(4), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i4c.555
Gül, S., & Arslanoğlu, F. (2020). The Influence of Organic Fertilizer Applications on Seed Yield And Some Quality Properties of Soybean Grown As Second Crop. Uşak Üniversitesi Fen Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.47137/usufedbid.804807
Karimah, R., Purwanto, B. H., Hanudin, E., Utami, S. N. H., & Maimunah, M. A. (2024). Effect of Different Types of Biochar Applications and Phosphate Fertilizer on the Quality and Yield of Edamame Soybeans on Andisols. Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 39(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.80217
Katiyar, R. B., Suresh, S., Sharma, A. K., Arisutha, S., Pratap‐Singh, A., Mishra, S., Ayub, R., Jeon, B., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Vermicompost: An Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture. Sustainability, 15(20), 14701. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014701
Lanzes, T., Kumar, M., Bhushan, A., Kumar, S., Chopra, S., Kumar, S., & Samnotra, R. K. (2022). Influence of integrated nutrient management and sowing dates on growth, yield and quality of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Vegetable Science, 49(01), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.61180/vegsci.2022.v49.i1.10
Li, X., Welbaum, G. E., Rideout, S. L., Singer, W. M., & Zhang, B. (2022). Vegetable Soybean and Its Seedling Emergence in the United States. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102622
Lida, S., Doruk, K., Mibang, A., Basar, K., Akli, N., Meena, T., Elavarasi, P., & Keerthana, S. (2024). Enhancing Black Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Yield with Composts and Biofertilizers: A Comprehensive Analysis of Variety- VL Bhat 201. Archives of Current Research International, 24(6), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i6777
Mahala, P., & Sharma, R. K. (2022). Effect of different growth media on biometric parameter of brinjal and chilli seedlings under shade net house. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 17(2), 347–352. https://doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i2.1340
Medrado, P. H. da S., Júnior, A. L. G., Santos, G. C. dos, Júnior, J. B. T., & Itako, A. T. (2022). Efficiency of different strains of Trichoderma on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, 44, e60072. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60072
Mir, R. A., Shrivastava, S., Pawaiya, P. S., & Samadhiya, H. (2021). Application of Aporrectodea caliginosa to Mitigate the Waste and the Effects of Vermicompost on the Exomorphological Features of Phaseolus vulgaris. Advances in Agriculture, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8363203
Nurnikmat, T. Z., Arabia, T., & Sufardi, S. (2020). Kandungan Fe, Al, dan Si Bebas dan Status Kesuburan Tanah pada Entisol dan Inceptisol di Lahan Kering Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 4(2), 446–456. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.10958
Ramadhana, D. D., Donantho, D., & Paranoan, R. R. (2019). Penilaian Status Kesuburan Tanah pada Lahan Pascatambang di Areal PT. Trubaindo Coal Mining Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.35941/jatl.2.1.2019.2529.24-28
Rahmadani, F., Zahrah, S., Sulhaswardi, & Mulyani, S. (2023). The Effect of Giving Vermicompos Fertilizer and NPK 16:16:16 on Growth and Production of Edamame Soyabean (Glycine Max (L) Merrill). Journal of Soilscape and Agriculture, 2(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsa.v2i1.446
Oyege, I., & Bhaskar, M. S. B. (2023). Effects of Vermicompost on Soil and Plant Health and Promoting Sustainable Agriculture. Soil Systems, 7(4), 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7040101
Pooja, P., Rana, M., Sharma, A., Mehla, O., Singh, D., Singh, A., & Verma, S. K. (2022). Vermicompost effect on soil and field crops: A review. The Pharma Innovation, 11(11), 2565–2569. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2022.v11.i11ae.17113
Pączka, G., Mazur-Pączka, A., Garczyńska, M., Hajduk, E., Kostecka, J., Bartkowska, I., & Butt, K. R. (2021). Use of Vermicompost from Sugar Beet Pulp in Cultivation of Peas (Pisum sativum L.). Agriculture, 11(10), 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100919
Santi, L. P. (2020). Pemanfaatan Biochar Asal Cangkang Kelapa Sawit untuk Meningkatkan Serapan Hara dan Sekuestrasi Karbon pada Media Tanah Lithic Hapludults di Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Tanah Dan Iklim, 41(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.21082/jti.v41n1.2017.9-16
Santoso, U., Nugroho, A. E., Jumar, Saputra, R. A., & Nugraha, M. I. (2023). Morphological Performance of Edamame Applied by Livestock Manure in Acid Dry Land. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-128-9_43
Senarathne, S. H. S. (2018). Effect of Vermicompost on Growth of Coconut Seedlings under Field Conditions in Sri Lanka. Cord, 34(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v34i1.20
Sheikha, A. F. E., Allam, A. Y., Taha, M., & Varzakas, T. (2022). How Does the Addition of Biostimulants Affect the Growth, Yield, and Quality Parameters of the Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)? How Is This Reflected in Its Nutritional Value? Applied Sciences, 12(2), 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020776
Syofiani, R., Putri, S. D., & Karjunita, N. (2020). Karakteristik Sifat Tanah Sebagai Faktor Penentu Potensi Pertanian Di Nagari Silokek Kawasan Geopark Nasional. Jurnal Agrium, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v17i1.2349
Vyas, P., Sharma, S., & Gupta, J. (2022). Vermicomposting with microbial amendment: Implications for bioremediation of industrial and agricultural waste. Biotechnologia, 103(2), 203–215. https://doi.org/10.5114/bta.2022.116213
Wicaksono, B., Sulakhudin, S., & Manurung, R. (2023). Karakteristik Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Kebun Kelapa Sawit Desa Pangkalan Suka Kecamatan Nanga Tayap Kabupaten Ketapang. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 12(3), 624. https://doi.org/10.26418/jspe.v12i3.64124
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2026-06-22
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